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What is Cheque Truncation

1. What is Cheque Truncation ? Truncation is the process of stopping the flow of the physical cheque issued by a drawer at some point en-rou...
1. What is Cheque Truncation ?
Truncation is the process of stopping the flow of the physical cheque issued by a drawer at some point en-route to the drawee branch. In its place an electronic image of the cheque is transmitted to the drawee branch along with relevant information like data on the MICR band, date of presentation, presenting bank, etc. Cheque truncation thus obviates the need to move the physical instruments across branches, other than in exceptional circumstances. This effectively eliminates the associated cost of movement of the physical cheques, reduces the time required for their collection and brings elegance to the entire activity of cheque processing.

2.  Why Cheque Truncation in India ?
           
As explained above, Cheque Truncation speeds up the process of collection of cheques resulting in better service to customers, reduces the scope for clearing-related frauds or loss of instruments in transit, lowers the cost of collection of cheques, and removes reconciliation-related and logistics-related problems, thus benefitting the system as a whole. With the other major products being offered in the form of RTGS and NEFT, the Reserve Bank has created the capability to enable inter-bank and customer payments online and in near-real time. However, to wish away cheques is simply not possible as cheques are still the prominent mode of payments in the country and that is the reason why the Reserve Bank decided to focus on improving the efficiency of the cheque clearing cycle. Cheque Truncation System (CTS) is the alternative. As highlighted earlier, CTS is a more secure system vis-a-vis the exchange of physical documents.
In addition to operational efficiency, CTS offers several benefits to banks and customers, including human resource rationalisation, cost effectiveness, business process re-engineering, better service, adoption of latest technology, etc. CTS, thus, has emerged as an important efficiency enhancement initiative undertaken by Reserve Bank in the Payments Systems area.
3.   What is the status of CTS implementation in the country ?

The Reserve Bank has implemented CTS as a pilot project in the National Capital Region (NCR), New Delhi with effect from February 1, 2008. After migration of the entire cheque volume from MICR system to CTS effective from July 1, 2009, the traditional MICR-based cheque processing has been discontinued in NCR. Based on the advantages realised by the stakeholders and the experienced gained from the pilot roll-out in NCR, it has been decided to operationalise CTS across the country.
What has been envisioned as part of the national roll-out is a grid-based approach.
Under this approach the entire cheque volume in the country cleared across numerous locations will be consolidated into a much fewer number of five or six grids. Each grid will provide processing and clearing services to all the centres under its jurisdiction, which could involve an entire state or a group of contiguous states as well. Banks and customers based at small / remote locations falling under the geographical jurisdiction of a grid would be benefitted, irrespective of whether there exists at present a formal  arrangement for cheque clearing or otherwise.
Chennai has been identified as the next centre for roll-out. The Chennai grid once fully operational, will not be confined to the city of Chennai alone, but will cover as many as 17 MICR centres managed / operated by other banks in the states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
4.  Is it possible to briefly explain the entire process flow in CTS ?

Yes. In CTS, the presenting bank (or its branch) captures the data (on the MICR band) and the images of a cheque using their Capture System (comprising of a scanner, core banking or other application) which is internal to them. These have to meet the specifications and standards prescribed for data and images.
To ensure security, safety and non-repudiation of data / images, end-to-end Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) has been implemented in CTS. As part of the requirement, the collecting bank (presenting bank) sends the data and captured images duly signed and encrypted to the central processing location (Clearing House) for onward transmission to the paying bank (destination or drawee bank). For the purpose of participation the presenting and drawee banks are provided with an interface / gateway called the Clearing House Interface (CHI) that enables them to connect and transmit data and images in a secure and safe manner to the Clearing House (CH).
The Clearing House processes the data, arrives at the settlement figure and routes the images and requisite data to the drawee banks. This is called the presentation clearing. The drawee banks through their CHIs receive the images and data from the Clearing House for payment processing. The drawee CHIs also generate the return file for unpaid instruments, if any. The return file / data sent by the drawee banks are processed by the Clearing House in the return clearing session in the same way as presentation clearing and return data is provided to the presenting banks for processing. The clearing cycle is treated as complete once the presentation clearing and the associated return clearing sessions are successfully processed. The entire essence of CTS technology lies in the use of images of cheques (instead of the physical cheques) for payment processing.
5. What type of cheques can be presented for clearing through CTS ?

All types of cheques can be presented for clearing through CTS. It is no different from the use of traditional clearing infrastructure for clearing paper cheques. Cheques presented as part of Speed Clearing are handled in CTS as well (for more details on Speed Clearing, the related FAQs may be looked into). The on-us instruments where the presenting and drawee banks are the same are presently not allowed in CTS. Images of such instruments are stopped at the initial Clearing House Interface itself.
Incidentally, given the fact that images of cheques (and not the physical cheques) alone need to move in CTS, it is possible for the restriction of geographical jurisdiction normally associated with the paper cheque clearing activity to be done away with. For realising this advantage, the concept of Grid-CTS clearing is being envisaged as part of roll-out of CTS at Chennai. Under the grid clearing, cheques drawn on centres included in the grid will be cleared as part of local clearing. It is also proposed to expand the scope of the CTS presently operational in New Delhi to become part of the New Delhi Grid.
6.   Will there be any change in the process for the customers ?

No. There is no change in the clearing process for customers. Customers continue to use cheques as at present, except to ensure the use of image-friendly-coloured-inks while writing the cheques. Of course, such of those customers, who are used to receiving the paid instruments (like government departments) would receive only the cheque images instead. And yes, cheques with alterations in material fields (explained in detail later) are not allowed to be processed under the CTS environment.
7.  What are the benefits of CTS to customers of banks ?

The benefits are many. With the introduction of imaging and truncation, the physical movement of instruments is stopped. The electronic movement of images of cheques speeds up the process of settlement and can facilitate reduction in the clearing cycles as well. Moreover, there is no fear of loss of instruments in transit. Further, limitations of the existing clearing system in terms of geography or jurisdiction can be removed, thus enabling consolidation and integration of multiple clearing locations managed by different banks with varying service levels into a nation-wide standard clearing system with uniform processes and practices.
CTS also benefits issuers of cheques. Use of images obviates the need to handle and move physical cheques at different points. The scope for frauds inherent in paper instruments is, thus, greatly reduced. The Corporates can be provided with images of cheques by their bankers for internal requirements, if any.  As only the images move, the time taken for receipt of paid cheques is reduced which also gives an early opportunity to the issuers of cheques to detect frauds or alterations, if any, in terms of what (and to whom it) was issued and what (by whom it) was realised.
CTS brings elegance to the entire activity of cheque processing and clearing. Cheque frauds can be greatly reduced with introduction of techniques such as embedded verifiable features such as bar-codes, encrypted codes, logos, watermarks, holograms, etc., for early interception of altered / forged instruments. Obviating the need to move the physical cheques is extremely beneficial in terms of savings in time and cost as well.
The benefits from CTS could be summarized as follows –
  • Shorter clearing cycle
  • Superior verification and reconciliation process
  • No geographical restrictions as to jurisdiction
  • Operational efficiency for banks and customers alike
  • Reduction in operational risk and risks associated with paper clearing
8.  If a customer desires to see the physical cheque issued by him for any reason, what are the options available ?

It should be understood that the physical cheques are retained at the presenting bank level and do not move to the paying banks. In case a customer desires, banks can provide images of cheques duly authenticated. In case, however, a customer desires to see / get the physical cheque, it would need to be sourced from the presenting bank, for which a request should be made to his bank. An element of cost / charge may also be involved for the purpose. To meet legal requirements, banks need to preserve the physical instruments for a period of 10 years.
9. How would be the uniqueness of a physical cheque be captured and imparted to the cheque image ?
CTS in India mandates the use of prescribed image specifications only. Images that do not meet the specifications are rejected. As the payments are made on the basis of the images, it is essential to ensure the quality of the images. To ensure only images of requisite quality move in the CTS processing cycle, there is a rigorous quality check process at the level of the Capture Systems and the Clearing House Interface (of the presenting bank). The solution encompasses Image Quality Assessment (IQA) at different levels. The presenting bank is required to perform the IQA during the capture itself. Further IQA is done at the gateway before onward transmission to clearing house. The images are captured with digital signatures of the presenting bank and thereafter transmitted to the Clearing House and then to the paying banks. Further, the paying banks, if not satisfied with the image quality or for any other reason, can ask for the physical instrument to facilitate payment processing.Further, the new cheque standard "CTS-2010" prescribes certain mandatory and optional security features to be available on cheques, which will also add to the uniqueness of the images.
10. What are the image specifications in CTS in the Indian context ?

Imaging of cheques can be based on various technology options. The cheque images can be Black & White, Gray Scale or Coloured. These have their associated advantages and disadvantages. Black & White images are light in terms of image-size, but do not reveal all the subtle features that are there in the cheques. Coloured images are ideal but increase storage and network bandwidth requirements. Gray Scale images are mid-way. CTS in India uses a combination of Gray Scale and Black & White images. There are three images of each cheques that need to be taken - front Gray Scale, front Black & White and back Black & White.
11.  How are the images of cheques taken ?

Images of cheques are taken using scanners. Scanners also function like photo-copiers by reflecting the light passed through a narrow passage on to the document. Tiny sensors measure the reflection from each point along the strip of light. Reflectance measurements of each dot is called a pixel. Images are classified as black and white, gray-scale or colour based on how the pixels are converted into digital values. For getting a gray scale image the pixels are mapped onto a range of gray shades between black and white. The entire image of the original document gets mapped as some shade of gray, lighter or darker, depending on the colour of the source. In the case of black and white images, such mapping is made only to two colours based on the range of values of contrasts. A black and white image is also called a binary image.
12.  How the image and data transmitted over the network is secured ?
The security, integrity, non-repudiation and authenticity of the data and image transmitted from the paying bank to the payee bank are ensured using the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). CTS is compliant to the requirements of the IT Act, 2000. It has been made mandatory for the presenting bank to sign the images and data from the point of origin itself. PKI is used throughout the entire cycle covering capture system, the presenting bank, the clearing house and the drawee bank. The PKI standards used are in accordance with the appropriate Indian acts and practices of IDRBT which is the certifying authority for banks and financial institutions in India.
13. What is Cheque Standardisation and what does CTS 2010 Standard mean ? 

Standardisation of cheque forms (leaves) in terms of size, MICR band, quality of paper, etc., was one of the key factors that enabled mechanisation of cheque processing. Over a period of time, banks have added a variety of patterns and design of cheque forms to aid segmentation, branding, identification, etc., as also incorporated therein a number of security features to reduce the incidence of cheque misuse, tampering, alterations, etc. Growing use of multi-city and payable-at-par cheques for handling of cheques at any branches of a bank, introduction of Cheque Truncation System (CTS), increasing popularity of Speed Clearing, etc., were a few aspects that led to prescription of certain minimum security features in cheques printed, issued and handled by banks and customers uniformly across the banking industry. A Working Group was set-up by RBI for examining further standardisation of cheque forms and enhancement of security features therein.  Accordingly, certain benchmarks towards achieving standardisation of cheques issued by banks across the country have been prescribed like – quality  of  paper, watermark, bank’s logo in invisible ink, void pantograph, etc., and standardisation of field placements on cheques. In addition, certain desirable features have also been suggested to be implemented by banks based on their need and risk perception. The set of minimum security features would not only ensure uniformity across all cheque forms issued by banks in the country but also help presenting banks while scrutinising / recognising cheques of drawee banks in an image-based processing scenario. The homogeneity in security features is expected to act as a deterrent against cheque frauds, while the standardisation of field placements on cheque forms would enable straight-through-processing by use of optical / image character recognition technology. The benchmark prescriptions are collectively known as "CTS-2010 standard". Indian Banks Association (IBA) and National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) are co-ordinating with the banks on implementation of the new standard.
14. What is the prescription relating to alterations / corrections on cheque forms ?
The prescription on prohibiting alterations / corrections on cheques has been introduced to curtail cheque frauds on account of alterations in the various fields of cheques and to give protection to customers as well as banks. No changes / corrections can be carried out on the cheques (other than for date validation purposes, if required). For any change in the payee’s name, courtesy amount (amount in figures) or legal amount (amount in words), fresh cheque leaves should be used by customers. This would help banks in identifying and controlling fraudulent alterations. This prohibition is applicable to cheques cleared under the image based Cheque Truncation System (CTS) and is effective from December 1, 2010. It is not applicable to cheques cleared under other clearing arrangements for the present.
15. What are the precautions required to be taken by the banks / customers to avoid frauds ?

Banks / Customers should use "CTS 2010" cheques which are not only image friendly but also have more security features. Customers may request their banks for cheque forms that are compliant with the "CTS 2010" standard. They should preferably use dark coloured ink while writing cheques and avoid any alterations / corrections thereon. A new cheque should be used in the event of any alterations / corrections. Banks should exercise care while stamping the cheque forms, so that it does not interfere with the material portions such as date, payee’s name, amount and signature. The use of rubber stamps, etc, should not overshadow the clear appearance of these basic features in image. It is necessary to ensure that all essential elements of a cheque are captured in an image during the scanning process and banks / customers have to exercise appropriate care in this regard.
16.  What are the modes in which banks can participate in CTS ?

There are two modes in which banks may participate in CTS –

(a) Direct membership : Banks may participate as direct member provided they have a settlement account with the settlement bank and have put in place necessary infrastructure for participating in CTS.

(b) Indirect / Sub-membership : Banks may become sub-members / indirect members of the direct members by using the infrastructure and / or settlement services of the direct members. The  settlement for such indirect / sub-member could be done either directly (if such banks have settlement accounts with the settlement bank) or through the direct member through whom they are participating.
17.  Is the infrastructure requirement for participating the CTS the same for all banks ? 

The infrastructure required at the banks’ end for participating in CTS are connectivity from the bank’s gateway to the Clearing House, prescribed hardware and software for the CTS application.
RBI provides member banks with the CHI (software). Banks need to procure  hardware and other software such as operating system, database and a bouquet of third party software for the CHI. They also need to procure the application software for their capture systems.
The hardware requirement / sizing is based on the volume of cheques processed by banks. Based on the volume the CHI is categorised into four types and the hardware requirement is different for each category.
The bandwidth requirement for each bank is calculated based a number of factors like  the peak inward and outward volume of the bank, average size of an image, efficiency factor of the network, etc. In addition, future requirements have been taken into consideration while calculating the bandwidth requirement.
18.  In case of need for any further clarifications, who can be approached for guidance ?

For any further clarifications the Contact Person is –           
                                   
The Deputy General Manager, National Clearing Cell, Reserve Bank of India, 7th Floor, Tower 1, Jeevan Bharati Building, Connaught Place, New Delhi – 110 001.

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date,9,ETDS FVU 3.1,3,ETDS PAYMENT,3,ETDS Q4 ANN II,3,etds retur with insufficient pan,2,etds return,25,ETDS RETURN DUE DATES,24,etds return less deduction of tax.,2,ETDS RTEURN SOFTWARE,2,etds software,5,etds without pan,5,etrip,1,Excel,11,EXCEL 280,2,excel add in,1,EXCEL CII,5,excel form 16,10,EXCEL SHORT CUTS,9,excel software,2,excell add in,4,EXCESS TDS,7,Exchange-traded fund,3,exci,1,excise,10,excise changes in budget,19,EXCISE FORMS,1,excise notification,2,Excise on branded goods,2,excise on utensils,1,excise rate reduced,4,EXCISE REGISTRATION,5,exclusion from capital asset,1,exempted capital gain,6,EXEMPTION GST,3,exemption limit increased,4,EXEMPTIONS IN FEW SERVICES,2,exice duty on new items,1,EXIDE CASE CALKUTTA HIGH COURT,2,EXPANSION OF EXISTING SERVICE,1,EXPLANATORY NOTES TO FINANCE ACT(2) 2009,1,export,21,EXTENSIBLE BUSINESS REPORTING LANGUAGE,1,extra level security in credit card,2,face book url,1,face book username,1,facebook,2,fake prize money,3,family 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rate 12.36,6,NEW SERVICES UNDER SERVICE TAX,8,new tax form,1,NEW TAX RATES,5,new tds rate 2010-11,10,new tds rates fy 2009-10,11,new tds rules applicable.,8,NEW TDS RULES FY 2010-11,4,New Year's Day,1,newly weds,1,nhai bonds,4,nhai capital gain bond,4,nhai tax free bonds,4,nifty,1,nil etds challan,4,nil etds return,5,nil tds on transportor,5,Nishant Batra,2,no return for salary,2,No.402/92/2006-MC (10 of 2008),1,nomination,1,non deduction certificate,1,non deposit of TDS,1,non performing assets,1,NON RESIDENT INDIAN,16,NOR,1,note security features,3,NOTES ON 3CD,10,notice of meeting through email company,1,notice pay,5,notices etds,2,notification 19/2008 service tax,1,Notification 19/2009-ST,1,notification 22/2011,1,notification 23/2011,1,notification 24,1,NOTIFICATION 25/2012,7,Notification 26/2011,1,notification 3-2011,1,notification 32/2009 dated 27.03.2009,1,NOTIFICATION 36/2011,2,NOTIFICATION 41 DT 31.05.2010,1,notification19.03.2012,2,npa norms,3,NPCI,1,NPS,39,NRI,29,nri 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SOFTWARE,2,PAN,6,PAN ADDRESS,5,pan and income tax return,1,PAN AO CODE,6,pan application excel,4,pan correction,2,pan details,1,PAN LEDGER,8,pan login,7,pan mandatory for hra,2,pan mandatory in etds,2,pan name verificatio,3,PAN ON RENT RECIPT,1,pan regsitration,2,PAN STATUS NSDL,2,PAN STATUS UTI,1,PAN STRUCTURE,4,PAN SURRENDER,2,pan transfer,1,pan verification,8,pan vs return,1,parcel,1,PARNERSHIP,1,part time course tuition fees,3,part of the year employee form 16,2,part of the year employee form 24q,3,partial reverse charge in service tax,25,partial withdrawal,3,partner salary,5,PARTNERSHIP DEED,5,PARTNERSHIP RATES,1,passport,1,PASSWORD,4,PATENT,1,pay bands,3,Pay calculator,3,pay calculator revised,1,pay commission punjab,1,pay fixation examples,2,pay per post,1,PAY SERVICE TAX ON DUE BASIS,5,payable at par,1,paybands,1,payment bank,1,PAYMENT BY ACCOUNT PAYEE CHEQUE,4,payment by cheque income tax,2,payment due date reminder,1,payment exceeding 20000-35000,1,payment of gratuity act,6,paypal,1,paypal ceiling,1,PDF UTILITY,4,penalty for service tax,8,penalty if cheque cleared late,4,penalty on concealment of Income,7,penalty on late filing non filing of etds return,8,penalty on late filing of income tax return,21,pension,14,pension arrear,2,pension calculator,4,pension da,1,pension fitment,1,pension gazette notification,1,pension notification,1,pension on grade pay military pay,2,pension policy,3,pensioner benefit,3,Permanent account number,8,PERSONAL ACCIDENT INSURANCE,3,personal finance software,3,personal loan,6,PETROL DIESAL SAVE FISCAL DEFICIT,8,PETROL DIESEL PRICE HIKED,12,PETROL EXPENSES VALUATION,8,petrol prices reduced,5,PFC,1,PFC INFRA BONDS,2,PFC TAX FREE BONDS,2,pfrda,2,PHONE BANKING,2,phone password,1,pin,1,pivot tables,3,Place of Provision of Services Rules,4,PLAYER AUCTION,1,pmay,7,pmjdy,11,PMS,2,pmvvy,2,pnr,1,Point of sale,8,POINT OF TAXATION,45,political party deduction,2,Poppy Seeds,1,portfolio,1,POST GRADUATE TEACHER,1,post office fixed deposit,9,post office recurring deposit,10,post office saving deposit account,6,post office schemes,15,postal ballots,1,postal order,2,POWER FINANCE BONDS,2,POWER OF ATTORNEY,1,PPF,39,PPF CALCULATOR,16,ppf huf account,4,ppf interest rate,19,ppf limit,25,ppp,1,ppt,8,ppt fbt,3,ppt on budget 2011,1,PPT UP VAT,1,pranav mukharjee,1,pre construction interest,3,PRE EXISTING E-1 TRANSACTIONS,1,pre filled challan income tax,1,prepayment,1,prepayment penalty,4,press release,1,press release 14.08.2008,3,presumptive tax scheme,15,preventive health check up,4,PRIMARY TEACHER,1,PRINCIPAL,1,printing manual,1,private limited company,10,PROF. TAX,1,profession tax,2,PROFIT RATE UNDER 44AF,1,provident fund dues,1,PROVISION OF FBT ON ESOP,1,provisioning of npa,2,PSPCL,1,PSTCL,1,PSU PAY HIKE,2,public limited company,2,public provided fund,9,PUBLIC SHARE HOLDING IN LISTED COMPANY,2,punjab govt arrear calculator,1,PUNJAB VAT,21,punjab vat notification,16,purchase of residential house,1,pure agent,1,qfi,1,quarterly statement status,3,QUIZ,9,rail freight,6,railway budget,12,railway budget 2012,2,railway ticket,9,RAILWAYS BUDGET 09-10,2,RAILWAYS BUDGET 11-12,1,rajiv gandhi equity saving scheme,13,RAJKUMAR S ADUKIA,4,ramalingam,15,Rate of return,1,RATES AFTER BUDGET,1,rates of service tax,3,rbi,83,RBI ACT,22,RBI Circular on e-payment of taxes,2,RBI FALSE CALLS,9,RBI FALSE MAIL,5,RBI INSTRUCTIONS GAR-7,1,RBI MONETARY POLICY,13,rbi monetary policy 2012,2,RBI NOTIFICATIONS,7,rbi report on customer services,2,ready reckoner income tax,4,REAL ESTATE,10,Real Estate Investments,4,REAL TIME GROSS SETTELEMENT,1,reason for mis matching,6,REBATE ON INPUT GOODS AND SERVICE,3,REC Bonds,3,rec infra bonds,1,rec tax free bonds,2,recent,210,rectification of return online,4,reducction in crr,1,refinance calculator,3,refund,8,refund due to diff in valuation of perquisites,3,refund of service tax on cancellation of tickets,4,refund pilot scheme,4,refund without matching,6,registration charges tax saving,1,RELIANCE COMMERCIAL FINANCE,1,RELIANCE GOLD LOAN,3,RELIANCE LIFE INSURANCE,3,RELIANCE MUTUAL FUNDS,1,relief calculator 2010-11,1,relief calculator fy 2011-12,1,REMUNERATION TO PARTNERS,8,RENT,1,rent a cab,2,RENT RECIPT,1,RENTING OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY AFTER 01.07.2012,8,RENTING OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY AFTER BUDGET 2010,5,repayment of housing loan,1,REPLY TO CPC FOR NOTICE,11,REPO RATE,12,Reserve Bank of India,2,reset password,1,RESIDENTIAL STATUS,4,RESOLUTIONS,1,response to outstanding demands,3,RESTAURANT,10,restricted leave,1,retail investor,4,retirement planning,9,retirement steps,2,Retiring early,1,retrospective amendment,1,RETURN EXEMPTION SALARIED CLASS UP TO 5 LAKH,6,RETURN FILING DATES,1,return filing in odd conditions,1,return for contractors tax deducted,1,return not required with pan,1,return of income,1,RETURN PROCESSING,4,RETURN UP TO 5 LAKH,5,RETURN UPTO 5 LAKH,2,REVENUE STAMP ON CHEQUE PAYMENT,4,REVENUE STAP ON RECEIPT,1,reverse charge on works contract,17,REVERSE CHARGE GST,57,reverse charge of service tax,43,reverse mortgage,3,reverse of 80C benefits,3,REVERSE REPO RATE,12,REVISE RETURN,4,revised option date,1,revised pay calculator,3,revised return,6,REVISED SCALE,1,rewards,1,rgess,9,rich,1,right to reject,2,RPF,5,rpu,9,rpu 1.7,1,rpu 2.2,2,rpu 2.5,1,rpu 2.7,1,RPU 3.00,1,rpu 3.1,1,RPU ITR 2011-12,1,rpu2.8,1,RTGS,13,rti,2,rti fees,2,rule 12 of income tax return.,10,RULE 2A,1,rule 4A,2,rule 6(4A),1,rule 6(b),2,rule 6DD,5,rule of 72,1,rule3,2,rule40BA,1,Rupay,2,RUPEE SYMBOL,4,s,1,safety tips for atm,4,SAHRE SHORT TERM CATIAL GAIN,6,salary calculator,7,SALARY ETDS Q4,5,salary in new direct tax code,1,salary structure,3,salary tds,8,sale in transit,4,sale of agriculture land,8,SALE OF DEBENTURE,1,sale of residential house,2,SALES MEANING 44AB,5,Sales tax,1,samsung case,3,saral 2,3,saral II,1,SARAL II IN EXCEL,1,Satyam,1,Satyamevjayate,1,SAVE TAX,2,SAVING ACCOUNT,6,saving bank interest,18,saving bank interest rate,2,saving linit u/s 80c,8,saving more than income,2,SAVING PASSBOOK,1,sbi 9.75 % bonds,1,SBI bonds,1,sbi home loan,4,SBI interest rates,10,sbi net banking,4,sbi rates,6,SBIOAHC,1,SBS WIKI,1,SCAM,2,schedule VI companies act,2,SCOPE OF ETDS STATEMENT,1,SCOPE OF SERVICE ENLARGED,1,SCOPE OF SERVICES WIDENED,1,scrutiny fy 11-12,3,scrutiny selection,17,search income tax,5,seat wise/constituencies wise and party and party candidate wise latest position,1,sebi,24,SEC 194 C,5,SEC 194 I,10,sec 194 J,4,secion 80c,4,SECRETARIAL STANDARD,3,secrutiny of itr,1,section 10(10AA),1,SECTION 10(13A),4,section 10(38),3,SECTION 10(5),1,section 139(1),1,section 139(4),1,section 139(5),1,Section 14,1,SECTION 145,3,section 154 return online income tax,4,section 16(iii),1,section 189,1,section 192,8,section 194-J,6,SECTION 194A,4,section 195,11,SECTION 195A,1,section 197,5,SECTION 2(37A),1,section 201(1A),3,section 203(3) section 206(C)(5),5,section 205,1,SECTION 24(b),8,section 269SS 269T,6,section 270A,5,section 271(1)(c),1,section 282B,1,Section 36(1)(vii),1,section 40(a)(ia),13,SECTION 40A(3),12,section 43(5),1,SECTION 44AB 2007-08 LAST DATE,4,section 44AB limit,14,SECTION 44AE,6,SECTION 44AF,2,Section 50,1,Section 50C,2,section 54,30,section 54f,9,SECTION 60,1,section 616(c),1,SECTION 64,1,section 66B service tax,4,section 68,2,Section 73,1,section 80 M,2,section 80c,3,section 80CCF,7,section 80D,18,section 80E,9,secured code master card,5,Securities and Exchange Board of India,1,security features,1,sehaj,1,self assessment tax,5,Seminar on service tax changes,1,Senior citizen,19,Senior Citizens Savings Scheme 2004,19,service charge,3,service ta,1,SERVICE TAX,45,service tax code,1,Service Tax (Removal of Difficulty) Order,1,SERVICE TAX 2010,1,service tax ac class,1,service tax accounting code,5,service tax adjustment,1,service tax audit,10,SERVICE TAX CHANGES FROM 01.07.2012,46,service tax changes in budget,58,Service TAX CLARIFICATION,17,SERVICE TAX COMPLIANCE,1,SERVICE TAX DEPOSIT DUE DATE,9,SERVICE TAX DUE DATE,6,Service Tax excel pdf word,1,SERVICE TAX EXEMPTION LIMIT,9,Service Tax Form excel pdf word,3,SERVICE TAX FORMS,1,service tax internet banking,1,service tax notifications,5,SERVICE TAX ON LAW FIRM ADVOCATES,3,service tax on transportation of passengers by air,2,service tax on advocates,5,SERVICE TAX ON BROKERAGE,2,service tax on ca,2,service tax on coaching,4,service tax on construction services,23,service tax on director services,5,SERVICE TAX ON DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY,2,SERVICE TAX ON EDUCATIONAL SERVICES,4,service tax on gta,7,service tax on health services,4,service tax on hotel clarification,12,SERVICE TAX ON HOTEL ROOM RENT,10,service tax on invoice basis,5,service tax on lawyers,1,SERVICE TAX ON LEASING,1,SERVICE TAX ON PACKAGE SOFTWARE,1,service tax on railway freight,8,SERVICE TAX ON RENT,6,service tax on road,4,service tax on transmission distribution of electricity,4,service tax on work contract tax,9,service tax on wrong head,1,service tax onr eimbursements,1,SERVICE TAX PAYMENT,6,SERVICE TAX PROCEDURES,3,SERVICE TAX RATE CHART,12,service tax rate effective date,12,service tax rate reduced,5,service tax rates increased,21,SERVICE TAX REGISTRATION,12,SERVICE TAX REGISTRATION LIMIT,4,SERVICE TAX RETURN,34,SERVICE TAX RULES,11,service tax section 65(105)m,1,SERVICE TAX VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE ENCOURAGEMENT SCHEME,17,SERVICES CHARGES OF BANKS,2,SERVICES TAXABLE,5,servicetax,1,set off in same head or other head.,10,sevice tax on associate enterprises,2,sez,6,share,3,share market,3,SHARE SHORT TERM Capital GAIN,10,share transfer,1,share your thoughts,1,SHOME COMMITTEE REPORT,3,Short term capital gain depreciable Assets,1,SHORT TDS,1,SHORT TERM ACCOMMODATION,1,short term capital gain 15 %,10,silver,1,SIM CARD,2,SIMPLE TAX CALCULATOR,2,single premium policy,2,sip,8,SIXTH COMMISSION,2,sixth pay commission,17,skimming,1,slider based EMI calculator,1,SLR,4,small saving schemes,18,small service provider,1,smart buying tips,1,software import,1,son eduction loan father,1,speak asia,3,speak asia fraud,2,speak asia online,2,speed clearing,3,spending habits,1,SPF,8,splitting of wages,2,Spreadsheet,2,SRVICE TAX CLARIFICATION,9,ss patta,1,ST-1 EXCEL,4,ST-2,2,ST-3,12,stamp duty,3,STANDARD DEDUCTION,6,standing committee,1,startup india,2,State Bank of India (SBI) Cards,1,status of return,1,STATUS OF TAX DEDUCTED,1,statutory audit,7,stay on demand notices,4,STCG 10% 15%,12,STGC,1,Stock,1,STOCK EXCHANGE,1,STOCK MARKET FROM 9.00 AM.,1,STOCK MARKETS,1,stp,1,STRUCTURE AND VALIDATION OF PERMANENT ACCOUNT NUMBER,2,stt,7,stt challan,1,sub contractor,3,SUBPRIME CRISES,2,success secrets,1,sugam,4,Suggestion on Budget-23,35,Sukanya Samriddhi Account,11,SUPREME COURT,2,SUPREME COURT RENT,7,sur name in pan,1,surcharge cess on tds,4,Surrender-Cancellation of Service Tax Registration,1,survey income tax,5,SWACHH BHARAT CESS,12,swiss bank,1,Systematic Investment Plan,6,tally 7.2,3,tally 9,5,tally easy,3,tally erp9,6,tally recycle bin,3,tally shortcut,10,tally simple,8,tally tips,5,TAN,3,TAN STRUCTURE,1,Tariff Value,1,Tax saving,4,tax accounting standards,4,TAX AMNESTY SCHEME,4,tax benefit from budget,2,TAX CALCULATION,4,TAX CALCULATION 2008-09,1,TAX CALCULATION FORMULA ADDIN EXCEL,2,TAX CALCULATOR,1,tax calculator 10-11,2,TAX CALCULATOR 2008-09,1,tax calculator 2010-11,2,tax calculator after budget 2011,1,tax calculator financial year 10-11,1,tax calculator fy 11-12,1,tax calculator income tax,1,tax collection,3,Tax credit,5,TAX DEDUCTED AT SOURCE CALCULATOR (TDS)2007-08,2,tax deducted at source return etds,3,Tax deduction,7,tax deduction at source chart,1,TAX EVASION,1,Tax free bonds,7,TAX ON ARRERS,1,tax on due date by cheque,2,tax on perquisite,4,TAX ON PROVIDENT FUND,2,tax payment by internet,1,tax payment from other's account,1,tax payment online,1,tax planning for salary,5,TAX RATES,2,tax rates changes in budget 2011,2,tax rates in new tax code,2,tax return preparer,1,tax saving capital gain,3,tax saving mutual funds,17,tax saving tips,1,TAX SLABS,7,tax through atm,2,tax yogi,3,taxable allowances,6,Taxation,1,Taxation in India,1,TAXES BY INTERNET,1,TAXMANN,4,TAXPRO CHALLAN,2,tcs on gold,11,tcs on jewellery,8,TCS ON MINERALS,2,tcs rate chart,5,TCS RATES,15,tds certificate,2,tds 194I Limit for deduction,7,tds at less rate,6,tds calculations,2,tds calculator,11,tds calculator after 1.10.2009,1,TDS CERTIFICATE,6,tds challan 281,5,tds chart,1,TDS CORRECTION,3,TDS CREDIT MORE TAN ONE YEAR,4,tds cut off limit changed,1,tds deducted in march,8,TDS DEFAULT BY EMPLOYER,2,tds deposited on time,2,tds due date,5,tds man,4,tds matching,5,tds noitce,1,tds not deducted penalty,5,tds not paid,1,TDS ON BANK INTEREST,1,tds on car charges,1,TDS ON COLD STORAGE RENT,4,tds on commission,2,tds on discount on prepaid cards,1,TDS on e-commerce,1,TDS ON EPF,2,tds on fees,1,TDS ON GST,6,tds on immovable property,19,TDS ON INTEREST,5,tds on job work,2,tds on Non resident,10,tds on players,3,tds on professional services,6,tds on rent,13,tds on royalty,6,TDS on salary,36,tds on sale purchase of property,1,tds on service tax,9,tds on service tax on professional services,4,tds on service tax u/s 194-J,7,tds on taxi hire charges,3,tds on technical services,1,tds on transporter,5,tds on transportor,2,tds on travel agent,1,tds on umpires,1,tds on vehicles,1,tds online,1,tds payment online,1,tds payment online mandatory,2,TDS PRESENTATION,1,tds professionals,1,TDS PROVISIONS,1,TDS RATE 10-11 -TDS DEPOSIT TDS RETURN DUE DATE DOWNLOAD PDF,3,tds rate 2011-12,1,tds rate 2012-13,5,tds rate after budget,4,tds rate chart,17,TDS RATE CHART 11-12,5,tds 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car,5,valuation of perquisites,16,valuation of perquisities,11,valuation of rent free house accommodation,5,valuation of works contract 01.07.2012,11,VALUE ADDED TAX,5,VAT,8,vat 11 digit detail,2,VAT ACT,3,VAT AND SERVICE TAX ON SOFTWARE,2,VAT DEFULTERS,1,VAT FORMS,2,VAT LATEST RULES,3,VAT MEANING,1,VAT NUMBER PUNJAB,1,vat on petrol,3,vat rate 4 to 5 %,1,vat rate changes punjab,3,VAT RATES,2,VAT RULES,1,VAT SCHEDULE,1,VAT TDS ON WORK CONTRACT,4,VAT UP AT A GLANCE,1,VCES,7,verified by Visa,3,VERIFY EXCISE CODE,1,verify pan,2,VERIFY SERVICE TAX CODE,7,VERIFY YOUR SERVICE TAX DEPOSIT,1,video,14,VIEW 26AS,7,VIEW YOUR TAX CREDIT,6,view your taxes online,5,Visa,4,VISHAL-REHEJA,1,vodafone,2,WAGES,3,ward circle,2,wealth tax,8,WEBCAST OF BUDGET 2011 ON COMPUTER,2,weighted scientific research deduction,2,what do u mean by micr,2,what does 10 digits of pan card indicates,1,what does each letter in pan number indicate,1,WHAT IS CHEAPER,1,what is company code 0020,1,WHAT IS DEARER,1,what is micr code,2,what is neft,5,what is PAN,1,WHAT IS STC,3,what is the meaning of rtgs,3,whatsapp,1,WHEAT AND PADDY,1,white paper,1,who can file sahaj.,10,who can sign income tax return,2,who can use itr-2,4,WIFE'S POLICY PREMIUM,2,wifes name,2,WILL,5,window dressing,1,without consideration,1,work contract service tax,16,working capital,1,Workmens Compensation Act,3,WORKS CONTRACT,3,wrong accounting code in service tax,1,wrong assessment year in challan,4,wrong head on challan,2,wrong name error in e filing registration,7,WRONG NAME IN ETDS RETURN,2,wrong pan on challan,2,wrong pan while deposit,1,wrong section on challan,3,www.satyamevjayate.in,1,xbrl,5,XLSX,2,ynitya income tax calculator,22,YouTube,1,
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SIMPLE TAX INDIA: What is Cheque Truncation
What is Cheque Truncation
SIMPLE TAX INDIA
https://www.simpletaxindia.net/2011/04/what-is-cheque-truncation.html
https://www.simpletaxindia.net/
https://www.simpletaxindia.net/
https://www.simpletaxindia.net/2011/04/what-is-cheque-truncation.html
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